The heart's like a pump work consisting of several rooms. Heart organ covered with muscles and with a variety of blood vessels in and out. The flow of blood from the lungs, where blood in the oxygen, flowing into the heart and pumped out to all parts of the body.
When the blood has been sent that contain oxygen to body tissues, they will return to the heart and is pumped back into the lungs.
The heart needs more oxygen to function optimally. But there is blood in the heart of the room itself is not functioning to supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
Special blood vessels in the outer parts of the heart, called coronary arteries, in charge of supplying the oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the heart muscle to function properly. Three major blood vessels and blood vessels are much smaller this task.
When one or more blood vessels are blocked (usually due to the formation of blood clots in the lumen of blood vessels), blood will not reach the heart muscle at the bottom of the blockage, preventing the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle.
Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease usually caused by the emergence of "atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), a process in which deposits of fatty material containing cholesterol (plaque) formed along the artery walls. When plaque is formed, blood vessels become narrowed.
The Causes of Coronary Heart DiseaseAlthough Coronary Heart Disease seems to be a part of natural aging on arterial blood vessels, but he'd formed at different speeds on each person, based on a variety of factors as follows:
- High blood pressure
- Blood cholesterol levels are abnormal
- The habit of smoking
- Diabetes
- Men
- Obesity
- Lack of exercise
- Family history with Coronary Heart Disease
Each of these factors can damage blood vessels and / or accelerate the formation of plaque.
ConsequencesNarrowing of blood vessels, are not capable of delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is required for activity, and this will lead to a situation that is called angina.
Angina usually occurs after the patient perform physical activity or stress, when the heart muscle must work harder and requires more oxygen, such as:
- Exercising
- Physical activity is more severe
- Eat (fatty and alcoholic beverages)
- Experiencing stress is accompanied by a sudden spike in blood pressure
Angina is not the same as a heart attack, but a symptom of a heart disease in general and occurs when the arteries have narrowed by plaque that is not capable of supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (blood flow is reduced). If the coronary artery becomes blocked total (there was no blood flow), blood flow to the heart muscle will stop, and a heart attack (Myocardial Infarction) can occur, which would cause damage to our heart.
The doctor will perform various tests to diagnose Coronary Heart Disease, through:
- An electrocardiogram (EGG or EKG) that measures the electrical activity of our heart. This test can show a part of the heart muscle that have experienced damage from a heart attack.
- Stress Test, to record the electrical activity when our physical activity and can be the basis of information abgi doctor if part of the heart has been damaged.
- Heart Catheterization (Angiography) is an act performed by a cardiologist in Catheteriazation Lab. This action requires a contrast dye squirted into the arteries that will appear at the time of X-rays emitted. This procedure can show if there has been a blockage or narrowing of heart arteries. So that the doctor can determine what actions should be implemented.
Management of Coronary Heart Disease.Management of Coronary Heart Penyakti can be done through a combination of lifestyle changes and physical activity, diet, and Action Medical. Nitroglycerin generally be granted if the patient complains of pain arising in the chest, but please note this drug is not intended to treat the blockage itself:
1. Dilation with balloon / balloon dilatation (PTCA)
2. Installation of heart stents (PCI)
3. Arterial vein graft Shortcuts (CABG)
Determining which actions to be taken, based on the general condition of the patient and the level of damage, and the number of blockages that occur in heart arteries.
1. Balloon dilatation (PTCA)Development of coronary artery heart is invasive measures undertaken to widen a clogged artery. PTCA is the medical term most often used.
At the time of PTCA, a catheter (very small tube, and subtle) is equipped with a balloon diujungnya, will be inserted through a vein (usually in the groin area) and are encouraged to enter into the heart arteries are narrowed. The balloon will be developed gradually, so as to suppress the fat tissue that causes narrowing of blood vessels and arteries dilate.
2. Installation of heart stents (PCI)Many patients who have been executed with balloon dilation (PTCA) will experience a narrowing of the back or called restenosis, the treated area. Heart stent could reduce the risk of blockage or narrowing again after PTCA.
Heart stent is a cinicin that can be developed and made of metal (non-stainless steel or cobalt-chromium metal). This stent will be attached to a balloon and inserted similar to the action PTCA. When the balloon expanded, a stent will also be widened, and then locked in a blockage and will serve as a permanent buffer. Stent is what will keep narrowing of the arteries that remain open. So a stent in the artery will be permanently, holding the blood vessels so that blood flow to the heart muscle no longer disrupted.
3. Arterial vein graft Shortcuts (CABG)Arterial vein graft Shortcuts (CABG) surgery is performed for patients with Coronary Heart Disease, to overcome angina and reduce the risk of heart attack.
A vein or artery from another part of the patient's body will be grafted from the aorta to the heart arteries, to be a shortcut blockage caused by atherosclerosis and will increase blood flow to the myocardium (heart muscle)
Reference:B. Braun Melsungen AG - Germany
